PhiDo Labs
Research

Methodology for software that lives under real constraints.

How do you design, build, and maintain software when the constraints are regulatory, cross-organizational, and always changing? Three lines of work take up that question, ordered here from the most established to the still-emerging.

Our work is grounded in evidence-based software engineering, design science, and method engineering (building artifacts, then studying them) and in the pattern-language tradition that runs from Christopher Alexander through the PLoP community. Patterns are not metaphor here. They are the established way practitioners name a recurring problem, the forces that pull against each other, and the solution that holds them in balance, and they stay legible to engineers and reviewers alike.

API-First Design & Method Engineering

The dissertation line. Formalizing API-first design from a loose industry slogan into a structured, repeatable methodology: a survey of the state of practice, a systematic mapping of the literature, a taxonomy of the design space, and a process model teams can follow.

Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “API-First Design: A Survey of the State of Academia and Industry.” ITNG 2022: 19th Intl. Conf. on Information Technology–New Generations, AISC vol. 1421, pp. 73–79, Springer · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97652-1_10
Published · 2022
Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “API Integrator: A UI Design and Code Automation Application Supporting API-First Design.” ACIT '22: 9th Intl. Conf. on Applied Computing & Information Technology, pp. 36–40, ACM · doi:10.1145/3543895.3543939
Published · 2023
Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “API-First Design: A Systematic Mapping Study.” Revised following peer review · target resubmission 2026
In revision
Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “A Taxonomy Supporting the Adoption of API-First Design in Software Engineering.” Drafting complete · target submission 2026
In preparation
Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “A Process Supporting the Application of API-First Design in Software Engineering.” In preparation · target submission 2026
In preparation
Doctoral dissertation From Practice to Process: Formalizing API-First Design through Method Engineering
PhD, Computer Science & Engineering · University of Nevada, Reno · 2025 · ProQuest No. 32398063

Software Architecture for Regulated Domains

The differentiator. Gaming, fintech, and real estate share a class of architectural problems (per-jurisdiction compliance, document-mediated handoffs across organizations, partner extensibility) that recur as a small set of design patterns, drawn from three decades of production systems and written up as a pattern language.

Pattern · the lead pattern of three

Jurisdiction-as-Data

PLoP 2026 · in progress
ContextA long-lived platform must produce legally correct behavior across many distinct jurisdictions at once (states, countries, counties, regulatory boards), whose rules change on legislative cycles, and a regulator must be able to inspect exactly what the system enforces.
ProblemHow do you build one platform that enforces jurisdiction-specific requirements correctly, without making its core logic depend on the rules of any particular jurisdiction? Encoding the differences as branching code makes the system fragile, expensive to certify, and impossible to scale jurisdiction by jurisdiction.
ForcesFive tensions the solution must hold in balance:
  • regulatory precision vs. platform generality
  • certification scope vs. jurisdictional coverage
  • regulatory velocity vs. engineering velocity
  • auditability vs. system complexity
  • schema expressiveness vs. schema stability
SolutionModel each jurisdiction's rules as versioned, declarative data the platform reads at runtime. The platform logic stays general; precision lives in the data. The jurisdiction record becomes the certifiable, auditable artifact a non-engineer can inspect, and onboarding a jurisdiction becomes a reviewed data change rather than a code change and re-certification.
Known usesCasino gaming certification · consumer & mortgage lending · real-estate transactions

Agentic Workflows in Software Engineering

Moving fast. AI agents are reshaping how software gets built and how research gets done: two related phenomena worth studying empirically rather than hyping, with live evidence from building real systems alongside agents.

Beaulieu, N., Dascalu, S. M., & Hand, E. “Vibe Coding: A Multivocal Systematic Mapping Study.” SNPD 2025: IEEE/ACIS 29th Intl. Conf. on Software Engineering, AI, Networking & Parallel/Distributed Computing, pp. 266–273 · doi:10.1109/SNPD65828.2025.11254176
Published · 2025